The Pentagon's blue-sky researchers are eying computers that can learn on their own, which could make for some advanced new smart machines -- which are simple enough for non-experts to use as well.

FACTORIE is a toolkit for deployable probabilistic modeling, implemented as a software library in Scala. It provides its users with a succinct language for creating relational factor graphs, estimating parameters and performing inference.

Good discussion (and video) of simulation (current programming paradigm) and inference (the probabilistic methods).

RBM, Contrastive Divergence, etc...

Classification and regression machine learning using a collection of base learners.